Last Updated: Dec. 13, 2025
Disclosure: The author holds cryptocurrency assets. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial, investment, or trading advice. Cryptocurrency investments carry significant risk, and you may lose some or all of your investment. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Always conduct your own research and consult a qualified financial advisor before making investment decisions.
Bitcoin dominance is a metric that measures Bitcoin’s market capitalization (its total value, calculated by multiplying price by circulating supply) as a percentage of the total cryptocurrency market. As of early December 2025, Bitcoin dominance sits around 57% to 59%, meaning Bitcoin accounts for more than half of all value in the cryptocurrency market.
This metric helps investors and analysts understand Bitcoin’s relative strength compared to the thousands of alternative cryptocurrencies (altcoins) competing for market share. When dominance rises, Bitcoin’s value is growing faster than altcoins. When dominance falls, altcoins are collectively gaining ground.
How Bitcoin Dominance is Calculated
The formula for Bitcoin dominance is straightforward: divide Bitcoin’s market capitalization by the total market capitalization of all cryptocurrencies, then multiply by 100 to get a percentage.
For example, if Bitcoin has a market cap of $1.8 trillion and the total crypto market cap is $3 trillion, Bitcoin dominance would be 60%.
CoinMarketCap, which originated the dominance metric, and CoinGecko are the primary data sources traders use to track this figure. Both platforms aggregate market cap data from exchanges worldwide to calculate dominance in real time.
Why Bitcoin Dominance Matters
Bitcoin dominance serves as a sentiment indicator for the broader cryptocurrency market. Changes in dominance signal shifts in investor risk appetite and indicate whether capital is flowing toward Bitcoin’s relative safety or toward higher-risk altcoin investments.
When dominance increases, investors are consolidating positions in Bitcoin rather than speculating on smaller cryptocurrencies. When dominance decreases, appetite for risk and speculation across the altcoin market is growing.
Traders also watch dominance to identify potential “alt seasons,” periods when altcoins collectively outperform Bitcoin. During these phases, investors rotate capital from Bitcoin into smaller cryptocurrencies seeking higher returns. These rotations between Bitcoin and altcoins have historically followed recognizable patterns tied to market cycles.
Historical Bitcoin Dominance Trends
Bitcoin dominance has fluctuated significantly over the years, reflecting major shifts in the cryptocurrency landscape.
During the 2017 Initial Coin Offering (ICO) boom, when startups raised billions by creating and selling new tokens, dominance dropped to 37.5% as thousands of new cryptocurrencies captured investor attention. It fell further to an all-time low of 31.1% in January 2018, though this proved temporary as many of those new tokens later failed.
The 2021 cycle saw dominance fall to approximately 38% during “DeFi Summer” (when decentralized lending and trading platforms exploded in popularity) and the NFT collectibles craze. Both drew massive capital away from Bitcoin into newer crypto sectors.
Recovery began in 2023, with dominance averaging 45.6% for the year according to CoinGecko research. The metric climbed further in 2024, averaging 51.9%. By April 7, 2025, dominance reached 60.5%, the highest level since March 2021. The 2025 average through mid-year stands around 59.3% (per CoinGecko data through July 2025).
What High Dominance Signals
Rising Bitcoin dominance indicates a “risk-off” environment (meaning investors are avoiding riskier bets) within the cryptocurrency market. During periods of uncertainty or declining prices, investors rotate capital from altcoins into Bitcoin, viewing it as the most established and liquid cryptocurrency.
High dominance coincides with bear markets (extended price declines) or periods of consolidation. When the broader market faces selling pressure, altcoins decline more sharply than Bitcoin in percentage terms, which pushes dominance higher.
Some analysts interpret sustained high dominance as a sign that the market is prioritizing quality over speculation. Bitcoin’s longer track record (over 15 years of continuous operation) and larger market cap make it the default safe haven within the crypto ecosystem.
What Low Dominance Signals
Falling Bitcoin dominance signals a “risk-on” environment (meaning investors are chasing higher-risk, higher-reward opportunities). When dominance drops, capital is flowing into altcoins at a faster rate than into Bitcoin.
Extended periods of low dominance have historically coincided with speculative manias. The ICO boom of 2017 and the DeFi and NFT crazes of 2021 both saw dominance reach multi-year lows as new projects and tokens captured market attention.
Low dominance can also reflect genuine innovation and adoption of alternative blockchain platforms. Ethereum’s growth, for instance, has contributed to Bitcoin dominance decline during periods when smart contract platforms attracted significant developer activity and user adoption.
Limitations of the Metric
Bitcoin dominance, while useful, has several limitations that analysts should understand.
Stablecoins distort the calculation because tokens like USDT and USDC are designed to hold a steady $1 value, not appreciate like investment assets. Yet they are included in total market cap calculations. As stablecoin adoption has grown to over $300 billion, they have diluted Bitcoin’s apparent dominance without representing genuine competition for investment dollars.
New token launches also skew the numbers. Every new cryptocurrency added to market cap calculations slightly reduces Bitcoin’s percentage share, even if those tokens have minimal trading volume or real-world significance.
The metric does not account for the different purposes various cryptocurrencies serve. Comparing Bitcoin’s market cap to that of utility tokens, stablecoins, and governance tokens conflates assets with fundamentally different use cases and investor bases.
Finally, dominance is descriptive rather than predictive. While historical patterns exist, dominance alone cannot reliably forecast future price movements for Bitcoin or altcoins.
Conclusion
Bitcoin dominance measures Bitcoin’s share of the total cryptocurrency market and serves as a useful (though imperfect) indicator of market sentiment and capital flows. When dominance rises, investors are favoring Bitcoin over altcoins. When it falls, speculative appetite for alternative cryptocurrencies is increasing.
Understanding dominance helps provide context for broader market movements, but the metric should be considered alongside other factors rather than in isolation. Its limitations, particularly the distortion from stablecoins and new token launches, mean it offers an incomplete picture of competitive dynamics within the cryptocurrency market.
Sources
- CoinMarketCap. (2025). Bitcoin Dominance Chart. https://coinmarketcap.com/charts/bitcoin-dominance/
- CoinGecko. (2025). Bitcoin Dominance on the Rise for 3rd Consecutive Year. https://www.coingecko.com/research/publications/bitcoin-dominance-history
- CoinGecko. (2025). Bitcoin Dominance Chart. https://www.coingecko.com/en/charts/bitcoin-dominance
- DefiLlama. (2025). Stablecoins Market Cap. https://defillama.com/stablecoins
